What a payroll run calculates
- Gross wages for the period (salary ÷ periods, or hours × rate including overtime).
- Pre-tax deductions — 401(k), HSA and Section 125 health premiums — which reduce taxable wages.
- Federal income tax withholding using the 2026 IRS Publication 15-T percentage method and the employee's Form W-4.
- FICA: Social Security 6.2% to the annual wage base and Medicare 1.45% (plus 0.9% Additional Medicare above $200,000).
- State and local taxes — income tax, SDI, paid-leave premiums — using each state's own withholding formula.
- After-tax deductions and net pay.
Employer costs aren't included
This calculator shows the employee's side of payroll. Employers also pay a matching 7.65% FICA, federal unemployment (FUTA) and state unemployment (SUTA), which don't come out of the paycheck.
Related: take-home pay calculator · hourly to salary · overtime calculator.